Sepsis in dogs is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition that can affect any dog. Sepsis is a potentially life-threatening condition caused by the body’s response to an infection. It occurs when the body’s immune system launches an overwhelming response to an infection, leading to widespread inflammation that can result in organ damage.
In severe cases, sepsis can progress to septic shock, a critical condition characterized by a significant drop in blood pressure that can lead to respiratory or heart failure, stroke, failure of other organs, and death.
The symptoms of sepsis can include fever, difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, fast heart rate, and mental confusion. These symptoms can be caused by a wide range of infections, but are most commonly associated with pneumonia, abdominal infections (such as appendicitis), kidney infections, and bloodstream infections (bacteremia).
Symptoms of Sepsis in Dogs
The symptoms of sepsis in dogs can vary based on the type and location of the initial infection. However, general symptoms seen with sepsis include:
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Lack of appetite (anorexia)
- Weakness or lethargy
- Fever
- Confusion or disorientation
- Increased heart rate (tachycardia)
- Rapid breathing (tachypnea)
- Low blood pressure (hypotension)
- Swelling of joints or limbs
- Shaking, weakness, and confusion
Causes of Sepsis in Dogs
Sepsis is initially caused by an infection that reaches the bloodstream. The most common originating sites of the infection are the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the stomach and intestines. Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites can move from the GI tract into the bloodstream, leading to sepsis. Other risk factors for the disease may include existing health conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, or liver and kidney failure.
Treatment of Sepsis in Dogs
Treating sepsis in dogs is essential, as it is a very serious and life-threatening condition. The treatment plan typically involves identifying and eradicating the source of the infection. A complete medical history, including any recent wounds, trauma, or surgical procedures, as well as current medications (especially non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications, or NSAIDs), may provide clues as to the source of possible sepsis.
Prognosis of Sepsis in Dogs
The prognosis for sepsis in dogs can vary greatly depending on the severity of the condition and the dog’s overall health. In some cases, with prompt and aggressive treatment, dogs can recover fully. However, in severe cases, sepsis can be fatal. It’s important to note that symptoms of sepsis can develop slowly or suddenly and may involve many different organ systems, including the cardiovascular system.
Do You Suspect Sepsis?
If you suspect your dog may be suffering from sepsis, it is critical to seek veterinary care immediately. Early detection and treatment are important to survival.